Tests carried out by Netstal have shown that residence time has by far the greatest impact on the AA level. The formation of AA can be influenced by drying temperature, the amount of drying air, processing temperature, residence time in the dryer, plasticising or the individual mould. Particular attention therefore had to be paid to factors that affect the AA value. Furthermore, the use of an additional additive results in high costs. This blocker is thought to contain hormone-like substances and should therefore be avoided. The main focus in the design of the machinery was to keep AA levels low because if the AA blocker is used to prevent migration of AA from the bottle wall into water, it is often a 2-aminobenzamide with an SML (specific migration limit) of up to 50 µg/l. It is compatible with industry standards and thus offers the user a high level of flexibility. Netstal launched its new PET line with sideways removal in September 2020. However, the limits of 6 ppm that apply in Switzerland and the EU are not exceeded during the production of PET bottles, from which we can be confident that the bottles do not pose any health hazards. In addition, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified AA as a possible carcinogen because it readily forms bonds with human DNA and is thought to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, particularly in combination with other substances. AA blockers are used to achieve these low values. In Germany, the rule is much stricter at 2 ppm. This is why some water bottlers have set limits for AA in preforms and bottles. Both regulations ensure that the organoleptic quality of food remains the same. 1935/2004 or the US Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The beverage is then in breach of European Framework Regulation No. A higher concentration of the substance is undesirable, particularly in water packaged in PET bottles, as a change in taste occurs after a certain storage time, the threshold of which is 0.01-0.025 ppm. Individual molecules can migrate through the PET of a bottle wall and enter the packaged liquid, as AA is miscible in water. AA is a colourless and highly volatile liquid. When PET is processed into preforms, AA is formed as a degradation by-product of PET through a reaction of OH-end groups of PET with water, glycol and oxygen. It produces a fruity, fresh taste very similar to that of apple. It also occurs in a variety of foods such as yoghurt, beer, green apples and coffee and contributes to the taste. Technical Director at MHT Mold & Hotrunner TechnologyĪcetaldehyde (AA) is a small molecule formed by the body during the degradation of ethanol (alcohol) and the cause of a hangover after a long evening’s drinking. By Dr Eng Christina Haerter, Head of Application Engineering at Netstal and Christian Tilsner,
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